Advances of studies on myelin regeneration by GABAergic networks in neurodevelopment and brain diseases

Differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a key event for axonal myelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have shown that neurotransmitters like GABA, GABAergic synapses and network regulation play important roles in the proliferation, differentiation, migration and myelination of oligodendrocytes. Therefore, the paper reviews recent studies on the biological functions of GABA and its receptors in oligodendrocyte lineages, the interaction between GABAergic interneurons and OPCs, the network regulation of GABAergic interneurons mediating myelination, and potential future drug candidates. Based on this, understanding the mechanisms that control OLs differentiation is essential for identifying therapeutic strategies that promote myelin repair, and research surrounding GABAergic may have potential implications for the development of novel repair therapies for demyelinating diseases.